Evidence-Based Practice & Applied Nursing Research Essay Example for Free

Evidence-Based Practice Applied Nursing Research Essay Type of Sources / Appropriateness of Sources / Classification of Sources American Academy of Pediatrics and American Academy of Family Physicians article regarding acute otitis media is a filtered resource. It is an appropriate source for nursing practice because; it establishes clinical guidelines to diagnose and manage AOM. It also establishes guidelines when to treat the signs and symptoms of AOM, watchful waiting, or to treat with an antibiotic. This article is classified as an evidence based guideline because, it reviews multiple research literatures in a systemic manner and provides recommendations of practice. Block’s Causative Pathogens article is an unfiltered resource. It is an appropriate source for nursing practice because it provides the clinician with the most recent and up to date research on the topic. The article is primary research evidence because; its researchers acquired the data first hand. Kelly’s article regarding Current pediatric diagnosis and treatment is a general information resource. This article is not appropriate for clinician use because it only provides basic general background. It does not guide the clinician in diagnosing and treatment. McCracken’s article in the Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal is an unfiltered resource. It is an appropriate for nursing practice because it supports established guidelines and shows what will happen with continued antibiotic use. This is an evidence summary article because it lists all of the important information and the evidence supporting it. The last source of evidence is interviews with parents. This type of source is considered a general information resource. It is appropriate because, the interviews give firsthand experience of onset and signs and symptoms of AOM. This source of classifications is none of the listed. â€Å"Acute otitis media (AOM) is the most common infection for which antibacterial agents are prescribed for children in the United States. As such, the diagnosis and management of AOM has a significant impact on the health of children, cost of providing care, and overall use of antibacterial agents (AAFP, 2004).  Watchful waiting can have many benefits for the children and the provider if used properly. Diagnosing AOM can be tricky. The signs and symptoms can also be related to other illnesses such as an upper respiratory virus. Throwing antibiotics at any illness use to be the course of action. However, now that there is evidence that bacteria have become resistant to some antibiotics, clinicians are testing out other means of treating illnesses. If the child presenting with symptoms of AOM has no underlying conditions and has means to follow up with the doctor if the symptoms progress, watchful waiting is an appropriate app roach for treating the child. According to the research, placebo controlled trials have shown that children have responded well without antibacterial intervention. Giving the opportunity for the illness to resolve without antibacterial intervention not only benefits the child but, the caregivers and the clinician. It benefits the child by not being exposed to antibiotics that are not needed, therefore creating a potential resistance to that antibiotic. It benefits the caregiver by not spending money on a medication their child does not need. Last, it benefits the clinician by preventing resistance to an antibiotic that may be useful in the near future. Watchful waiting is only appropriate if the patient meets the guidelines of uncomplicated AOM, assurance of a follow up if necessary, and access to antibiotics if symptoms progress or worsen. The findings in the AAFP article can be applied in many ways to improve nursing practice in a healthcare setting. The article provides evidence based guidelines on how to properly diagnose AOM and the typical signs and symptoms. It establishes the three criteria the patient must exhibit for a certain diagnosis of AOM. If the patient does not meet the certain criteria, it guides the clinician to continue to assess the patient for another illness, such as an upper respiratory virus. Proper diagnosis will improve clinician treatment and care of the patient. The article also includes a descriptive chart on how to assess and manage pain associated with AOM. It lists for the clinician the recommended medications, remedies, and agents for the clinician to utilize to manage pain. It also lists the effectiveness and the side effects. This will help improve nursing care by implementing the proper medication and or remedies to the patient with the highest effectiveness and the least amount of side effects. The article also very clearly identifies when watchful waiting is  not appropriate and what antibiotics should be prescribed and the usual dosage. This information is helpful to nursing practice by helping the clinician distinguish what patient is suitable for watchful waiting or antibiotic therapy. Another way the article improves nursing practice is, that the article provides information on how to prevent AOM and reoccurrence. This information can be used to help educate patient’s caregivers on ways to prevent AOM and reoccurrence. Ethical issues always arise when it comes to healthcare, especially when it comes to children. When conducting an evidence based research, there is a high likelihood of exposing the child to potential danger, illness, and adverse reactions. The first ethical issue is; is it even right to subject a child to research if there is a high likelihood of helping other children. That is something for the children’s parents to decide. However, it is the responsibility of the researchers to fully explain the process, potential side effects, potential danger, and any other concerns to the parents. It also the responsibility of researchers to determine if the parents have the capability to comprehend the information and the risk of the research. Not doing so would be unethical and could tarnish the results of the research. Another major ethical dilemma that comes with involving children in research is that the children do not have the capability of making that decision themselves. Research should be a voluntary thing and not left up to someone else to decide. However, when it comes to children that is not an option. The ethical problem is should the child be subjected to potential harm because of the parents’ willingness to allow it. The needs to be guidelines established prior to the start of the research that regulate the risks that the child might be subjected to. The risk should be very minimal with a very high benefit. Involving children in any type of evidence based research can be very tricky and has the potential of bringing up multiple ethical issues. It is the researcher’s responsibility to ensure the child is protected, not exposed to unneeded harm, and the caregivers are knowledgeable of the risk factors and are competent enough to make an informed decision. Besides ethical issues, there are other issues that need to be taken into consideration when research involves children. Vulnerable populations, such as low income families, families with different cultural backgrounds, and families with insufficient education can be at risk when it  comes to research involving children. For an example, low income families may not have the opportunity to participate in evidence based research because they might not fit certain criteria. In the AAFP research, in order for the child to be a candidate of the watchful waiting, they had to have means of a follow up appointment. For low income families, coming to the doctor multiple time may not be option. Financially they may not be able to afford, parents may not be able to get time off from work, or have means of transportation for a follow up appointment. These circumstances may subject the child to unneeded antibiotic treatment simply because the patient is unable to follow up with the doctor. Also, families with a cultural difference may not fully understand the benefits or risks of allowing their child to participate in this research. Without informed consent, the results of the research are tarnished and run the risk of jeopardizing the study. Informed consent when it comes to research involving children is extremely important for validity of a project and prevents any ethical problems. Any research involving children can be extremely tricky and should be held to the highest ethical standards and involve minimal risk to children. References American Academy of Pediatrics and American Academy of Family Physicians. (2004.) Clinical practice guideline: Diagnosis and management of acute otitis media. Retrieved from http://aappolicy.aappublications.org/cgi/content/full/pediatrics;113/5/1451 Block, S. L. (1997). Causative pathogens, antibiotic resistance and therapeutic considerations in acute otitis media. Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal, 16, 449–456. Kelley, P. E., Friedman, N., Johnson, C. (2007). Ear, nose, and throat. In W. W. Hay, M. J. Levin, J. M. Sondheimer, R. R. Deterding (Eds.), Current pediatric diagnosis and treatment (18th ed., pp. 459–492). New York: Lange Medical Books/McGraw-Hill. McCracken, G. H. (1998). Treatment of acute otitis media in an era of increasing microbial resistance. Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal, 17, 576–579.

she said yes :: essays research papers

I read "She Said Yes" by Misty Bernall. The publishing company is The Plough Publishing House, and it is 140 pages long. Cassie Bernall, a 17 year old junior at Columbine High School in Littleton, Colorado, was a typical teen having a typical day, when two rampaging classmates put a gun to her head and asked her if she believed in god. She said yes. Its a story of growing up in the 90’s, of peer pressure, adolescents, turmoil, and the role parents play; a story of tough choices and the battle between good and evil in every person. But in the end, its a story of redemption more enduring than the tragedy that cut Cassie Bernall’s life short. It was a relatively simple question. Do you believe in God? On April 20th, 1999 Cassie Renà © Bernall said "Yes". It was the last word she would ever speak. On the day of the tragedy Cassie became a martyr for her God. In the aftermath of the tragedy its easy to raise Cassie up the status of a saint. Cassie was nothing more then a typical teenager worried about their future, her looks and the things that almost every other teenager worries about, but Cassie also sported a deep love for her God. But it wasn’t always that way. While Cassie had always been a sweet and loving child she took a turn for the worst in her teenage years, and headed down a dark, dangerous path, just like those ones as her killers. Her friends were less then good role models, Cassie became fascinated with witchcraft, drinking, suicide and perhaps the death of her parents. Fortunately, her parents found letters written to Cassie by a close friend which were talking about things that they could do to her parents that would be tragic. Afraid of what might happen, the Bernalls turned the letters over to the local police. A youth pastor spent a lot of time talking with Cassie, only to later say that there was no hope for her. But like most parents Cassia’s wouldn’t give up. The pulled her out her current school and enrolled her in a Christian school, they cut off all contact with her old friends, and basically put her under house arrest. Anything to get their sweet little girl back. Cassie hated them for it. They also hated having to get so serious with their daughter.

The Rise of Monarchies

A new monarchy brings power to the royal family. It does this in many ways. A new monarchy reduces the power of nobility, and confiscates land from the nobles that are on â€Å"their† land. They also impose taxes and tariffs on whatever they want. A new monarchy will also create standing armies and hire mercenaries to protect their land and to grow their empire. Basically a new monarchy wants to bring money, power, and control to the royal family that is in rule. An example of two new monarchies is Henry VII of England and Ferdinand I of Spain.Both the royal families and states they represent are great examples of a new monarch from the time period of 1450 to 1550. Spain exemplifies the key characteristics of a new monarch. It all starts with the centralization of power in Spain towards one royal family. This all starts with the marriage of King Ferdinand II of Aragon and Queen Isabella of Castile. Before this marriage modern day Spain was fragmented into 4 four separate state s, Aragon, Castile, Granada, and Navarre. The marriage combined Castile and Aragon, which allowed Ferdinand I of Spain and Queen Isabella to control most of modern day Spain.Along with this event Ferdinand and Isabella centralized the system of justice and made towns more subservient to the royal will in Castile. Ferdinand now is gaining control and power of his land, so he does what a new monarch should do and rips power and authority from the nobilities on his land. Ferdinand stripped the Castilian nobles of some of their privileges while he dispenses their titles and positions. In Aragon he has trouble with the nobles but they later will alliance with the King in fear of a revolt in the lower class. Now The Spanish Royal Family has gained control of their land.In order for Ferdinand to keep his kingdom safe and undisturbed from outsiders, he takes the province of Granada from the Moors. This shows Ferdinand's rise in power in 1492 and shows Ferdinand having military power as well . Even though new monarchies impose taxes on whatever they want, the Spanish monarchy didn't as much as other monarchies, like England. The royal family did take money from the church by handling the populace's tithes and the sales of indulgences and keeping some for royalty, which shows rising power of the monarch.The monarchy also only got about 10% of its income from the people. Spain's real income came from the America's. The silver from the Potosi and Spain's trade really defined the monarchs economy, power, and control during the monarchs climax years. In result of the wealth Spain had they are able to build standing armies and state themselves as the most powerful state at the time. With Ferdinand being able to control his lands, become extremely wealthy, and have power, he has created a true new monarch. As well as Spain, the English and King Henry VII of England also created a new monarch.The key factor in the start of this monarch is definitely the War of the Roses. With t he Tudor Family â€Å"victory†, Henry Tudor, the last claimant of the throne of the Lancaster's, became the beginning of the Tudor's Monarch. Henry was an ambitious ruler. He wanted to make the Tudor state so powerful, no noble factions or challengers could challenge him or his state. As most monarchs did, Henry strengthened royal authority in England by creating the Star Chamber, which became one of the highest courts in the land.These justices dispensed justice, collected taxes, enforced troop levies, and maintained order. Even though this makes the government, or the royal family, more decentralized, it strengthened the efficiency and prestige of the monarchy. It helps Henry control his land which ultimately is a goal of a new monarch. Even though Henry has a justice system, he also exemplifies that the monarch has the most power. In fact he obtained from parliament writs of attainder and forfeiture, which allows him to declare anyone of treason, have them killed and take their property from them.This definitely states that the king has the most power and he can do whatever he wants. Along with gaining more power, Henry won the loyalty of most of the nobles on his land, which now centralizes the power of England to the royal family.. Another key characteristics of this new monarch is the fact that Henry imposed tariffs protecting the cloth and wool industries in his monarch. This decreed acts unifying weights and measures, and constructed edicts punishing vagabondage and begging.This not only states more power of the throne but shows Henry building his economy with protecting his industries. All in all Spain and England exemplifies the true new monarch and all of its characteristics. Both Henry and Ferdinand strip power from the nobility, build their wealth in industry, natural resources, taxes, and/or tariffs. Their wealth allows them to create armies and gain power and control on their own lands and in the lands they conquer. Basically they gain co ntrol of their lands, get wealth and ultimately have power, which states a new monarch. The Rise of Monarchies A new monarchy brings power to the royal family. It does this in many ways. A new monarchy reduces the power of nobility, and confiscates land from the nobles that are on â€Å"their† land. They also impose taxes and tariffs on whatever they want. A new monarchy will also create standing armies and hire mercenaries to protect their land and to grow their empire. Basically a new monarchy wants to bring money, power, and control to the royal family that is in rule. An example of two new monarchies is Henry VII of England and Ferdinand I of Spain.Both the royal families and states they represent are great examples of a new monarch from the time period of 1450 to 1550. Spain exemplifies the key characteristics of a new monarch. It all starts with the centralization of power in Spain towards one royal family. This all starts with the marriage of King Ferdinand II of Aragon and Queen Isabella of Castile. Before this marriage modern day Spain was fragmented into 4 four separate state s, Aragon, Castile, Granada, and Navarre. The marriage combined Castile and Aragon, which allowed Ferdinand I of Spain and Queen Isabella to control most of modern day Spain.Along with this event Ferdinand and Isabella centralized the system of justice and made towns more subservient to the royal will in Castile. Ferdinand now is gaining control and power of his land, so he does what a new monarch should do and rips power and authority from the nobilities on his land. Ferdinand stripped the Castilian nobles of some of their privileges while he dispenses their titles and positions. In Aragon he has trouble with the nobles but they later will alliance with the King in fear of a revolt in the lower class. Now The Spanish Royal Family has gained control of their land.In order for Ferdinand to keep his kingdom safe and undisturbed from outsiders, he takes the province of Granada from the Moors. This shows Ferdinand's rise in power in 1492 and shows Ferdinand having military power as well . Even though new monarchies impose taxes on whatever they want, the Spanish monarchy didn't as much as other monarchies, like England. The royal family did take money from the church by handling the populace's tithes and the sales of indulgences and keeping some for royalty, which shows rising power of the monarch.The monarchy also only got about 10% of its income from the people. Spain's real income came from the America's. The silver from the Potosi and Spain's trade really defined the monarchs economy, power, and control during the monarchs climax years. In result of the wealth Spain had they are able to build standing armies and state themselves as the most powerful state at the time. With Ferdinand being able to control his lands, become extremely wealthy, and have power, he has created a true new monarch. As well as Spain, the English and King Henry VII of England also created a new monarch.The key factor in the start of this monarch is definitely the War of the Roses. With t he Tudor Family â€Å"victory†, Henry Tudor, the last claimant of the throne of the Lancaster's, became the beginning of the Tudor's Monarch. Henry was an ambitious ruler. He wanted to make the Tudor state so powerful, no noble factions or challengers could challenge him or his state. As most monarchs did, Henry strengthened royal authority in England by creating the Star Chamber, which became one of the highest courts in the land.These justices dispensed justice, collected taxes, enforced troop levies, and maintained order. Even though this makes the government, or the royal family, more decentralized, it strengthened the efficiency and prestige of the monarchy. It helps Henry control his land which ultimately is a goal of a new monarch. Even though Henry has a justice system, he also exemplifies that the monarch has the most power. In fact he obtained from parliament writs of attainder and forfeiture, which allows him to declare anyone of treason, have them killed and take their property from them.This definitely states that the king has the most power and he can do whatever he wants. Along with gaining more power, Henry won the loyalty of most of the nobles on his land, which now centralizes the power of England to the royal family.. Another key characteristics of this new monarch is the fact that Henry imposed tariffs protecting the cloth and wool industries in his monarch. This decreed acts unifying weights and measures, and constructed edicts punishing vagabondage and begging.This not only states more power of the throne but shows Henry building his economy with protecting his industries. All in all Spain and England exemplifies the true new monarch and all of its characteristics. Both Henry and Ferdinand strip power from the nobility, build their wealth in industry, natural resources, taxes, and/or tariffs. Their wealth allows them to create armies and gain power and control on their own lands and in the lands they conquer. Basically they gain co ntrol of their lands, get wealth and ultimately have power, which states a new monarch.

Christianity During The Roman Empire - 1526 Words

Christianity in Rome Religion is an important feature in most cultures throughout time. Different religions have been more prominent than others, one of the most popular being Christianity. Christianity developed during the time of the Roman Empire. It began as a minority religion and grew into something much more than that. Christianity’s importance to the empire increased over time. At first, Christian values seemed different than those of pagan Roman civilization and Romans were not sure how to react to this growing minority religion. The difference between the two religions became clearer as Christianity became more prominent. Paganism was present in Rome since its founding. A majority of Roman culture developed from Greek culture. Roman paganism adopted many of its beliefs from Greek paganism. Roman pagans believed in more than one god as the Greeks did. Religion was very prevalent in Roman architecture, art, plays, writings, and money. Romans also held their values as being rather important. This is evident through the many writings about Roman culture that have survived to this day such as Aeneid and The Confessions. Roman citizens throughout the empire highly valued honor. An account proving the importance of honor is the story of Lucretia. This account also aids in explaining the origins of Rome as well as the establishing of the Republic of Rome. Lucretia was a noblewoman and was staying in her estate alone. One of her guests rapes her while her husband andShow MoreRelatedThe Rise Of Christianity During The Roman Empire2111 Words   |  9 PagesThe rise of Christianity in the Roman Empire, was by far not a simple one. The Roman Empire was generally quite tolerant in the treatment of other religions. So why did they persecute the Christians, and how did this all begin? These persecutions mainly started in 64 A.D when a great fire broke out under the rule of Emperor Nero. In order to deflect the public s opinion on him, he blamed the Christians and this blame then allowed, and paved way for the aggressive persecutions of Christians in theRead MoreThe Revival Of Christianity During The Late Roma n Empire1357 Words   |  6 PagesThe revival of Christianity during the late Roman period was set into motion in 313 CE with the Edict of Milan, which legalized Christianity in the Roman Empire. Emperor Constantine helped move the revival along by ordering the construction of the Church of the Holy Sepulcher, which started around 326 CE, and was completed in 335 CE. Throughout its existence, the Church of the Holy Sepulcher has been destroyed and reconstructed numerous times, which means that the current Church in Jerusalem is notRead MoreJustinian And The Byzantine Empire1568 Words   |  7 PagesByzantine Empire. Although it is currently referred to as the Byzantine Empire, many citizens and leaders, including Justinian, considered themselves to be Roman and part of the Roman Empire. This mentality led to the revival of the Roman Empire in Byzantine and in its capital, Constantinople. During his rule, Justinian led the empire to its greatest size both in the amount of controlle d land and influence over groups in Europe and Asia. He also contributed to the spread of Christianity both withinRead MoreChanges and continuities of Roman empire1432 Words   |  6 Pages Between 500 BCE and 500 CE, the Roman civilization experienced changes both politically and culturally. Firstly, Rome’s government transitioned from a Republic to an Empire. Later, that empire was split into two parts; east and west. In terms of changes in culture, it was impacted by the shift in religion, as the Romans shifted from polytheism to monotheism. Despite all the changes, Rome still remained culturally diverse. The Romans overthrew the Etruscans in 509 B.C.E. The EtruscansRead MoreThe Rise Of The Middle Ages Essay1259 Words   |  6 Pagesway to the rise of the Carolingian empire. I would argue the characteristics of the middle ages include a real shift in culture and religion, while seeing the dominant influence that Christianity had on culture. Personally, I think that the reign of the emperor Constantine is what really began the shift into the middle ages. Under Constantine, we see a transformation of religion, culture and politics. In the centuries leading up to Constantine, the Roman Empire was having many ups and downs. TheRead MoreReligion : A Way Of Life946 Words   |  4 Pageswas not the case during the fall of Rome and the rise of the Byzantine Empire. During that era religion was one of the few things that tied people together. Without religion the only thing keeping the people of Rome together was the government. Since Alexander the Great’s empire leading to the Byzantine Empire led to a mix of many culture and religions for the very first time. Greece and Rome believed in a set of Gods but the lands they conquered did not. The Eastern Roman Empire showed how oneRead MoreHistory And Advances Of The Christian Church Essay1003 Words   |  5 PagesDuring the course of Foundations of Reflection: God, my mission is to appreciate and learn the history and advances of the Christian Church. As students, we analyze cultural texts and describe meaningful events to develop an answer to â€Å"who, † â€Å"what,† and â€Å"why† there is a transcendent God. This composition will focus the historical-social context, ecclesial context, and modifications to the Church that occurred from three critical events; Fall of the Roman Empire, World War II, and the CelebrationRead MoreThe Theodosian Code1250 Words   |  5 PagesThe Roman Empire was a marvelous civilization stretching from the far ends of the Mediterranean Sea to the nutrient rich soils of the Fertile Crescent and all the way north to what is now known as the United Kingdom. In fact, the empire was so expansive that there was a need for organized law; and so with each emperor there came new constitutions and decrees for the Roman people to follow. The Theodosian Code was just one of the many juristic materials that helped define Roman law and keep legalRead MoreThe Legend Of Dante s Aeneid1286 Words   |  6 Pageswas once Troy. The Roman empire was a very complex civilization that had managed to sp read to various places of the ancient world. Noticeably, The entity had an underlying impact on religion since during this era Christianity rose to prominence all around the world. The civilization contributed significantly to the development of literature with notable figures, such as Cicero writing creative works of literature. During this period the date system was developed by the Romans, which had a key effectRead MoreThe Rise And Fall Of Empires1580 Words   |  7 Pagesthat the rise and fall of empires was due to tolerance, inclusion, difference, and diversity is shown to be true of the Roman Empire because of the way that tolerance allowed and caused the empire to rise, enter its golden age, and fall. The Roman Empire was a â€Å"hyperpower† that lasted from 44 BCE to 476 CE. The empire contained Western, Southern, and Eastern Europe, along with North Africa; thus, there was an abundance of culture from many different conquered groups. Romans wanted to make these con quered

The Jazz Singer - 1555 Words

â€Å"The Jazz Singer† Before watching â€Å"The Jazz Singer†, I had no idea of its cultural or historical significance. I learned that it was the first motion picture to have synchronized dialogue and words. It set the precedent for cinematography, live voice recordings, and real-time dialogue. The film was based on a short story written only a few years prior. The story was called â€Å"The Day of Atonement† and was authored by Samson Raphaelson. The short story was then adapted into an onstage musical in 1925 before finally becoming a full length feature film in 1927. The film follows a young man by the name of Jakie Rabinowitz. He lives with his mother and father in the Jewish ghetto of the lower east side of Manhattan. Jakie is an only child†¦show more content†¦I don’t think we can necessarily say that Jakie opposes these Jewish values in essence, but perhaps he does because the tradition of his family is one that he is not particularly fond of. His father, grandfather, and great grandfather have all been Cantor’s at their local Synagogues. It’s easy to see a rebel in young Jakie. He is committed to his dream and he is looking for any way out of his current circumstance. Jakie has probably been whipped by his father before but now that Jakie has direction in his life, he takes advantage of the situation by fleeing from home and pursuing his dreams. Part of the appeal of â€Å"The Jazz Singer† is that it is difficult to see a progressive maturation of Jack Robin. Rather, we see an ambitious, sometimes blind performer whose â€Å"career comes before everything†. But then Jack is faced with a crossroads. He is to choose rather or not to finally step into the lime-light he has so longed for. Truthfully, I did not know how Jakie would choose. He had been scorned by his father time and time again and he had dedicated his whole life to jazz singing. But ultimately I was not surprised at the choice Jack made. He did it for his m other. Though not traditional by any means, there is a love story taking place in â€Å"The Jazz Singer†, and no it is not between Jack Rubin and Mary Dale. But rather between Jack and Sara, his mother. Sara takes on the role of the quintessential Jewish mother heartbroken by theShow MoreRelatedThe Jazz Singer851 Words   |  4 PagesThe Jazz Singer, released in 1927, is a black and white film that centers on a young man who wishes to conquer his dreams in becoming a professional jazz singer. This film, directed by Alan Crosland, demonstrates new developments from the decade of the 1920’s. During the decade, many new advances; such as the introduction of musicals and other technological advancements, were created. The Jazz Singer utilized these new advances of the decade and incorporated them into each scene. This is evidentRead MoreAnalysis Of The Jazz Singer2060 Words   |  9 PagesBlack shirt, black pants, black hair, blackface. The most provocative scene in the 1927 film, The Jazz Singer, takes places in the dressing room of Jack Robin as he prepares to take the stage for a dress rehearsal of his Broadway show. Jack Robin, formerly Jakie Rabinowitz, is at the height of his struggle with his identity: a white Jew longing to be with his people during the holiest night in his religion but instead preparing to assume the mask a black performer to execute his role in the minstrelRead MoreThe, R B And Jazz Singers1442 Words   |  6 Pages â€Å"Rage to Survive, The Etta James Story† as told by Etta James, and written by David Ritz, is a biographical telling of the history of the soul singer who, through a series of crashes and comebacks, became one of the most famous blues, RB and jazz singers in history. Born in Los Angeles, California, Etta James, or as a young child known as Jamesetta Hawkins, was born January 25th, 1938 to Ms. Dorothy Hawkins who was just fourteen, and an absent father. This is a solidified fact, the placeRea d MoreWarner Brothers And The New Medium Of Radio1377 Words   |  6 Pagessound. Investing money into the Vitaphone, was Sam Warner’s idea; he influenced his brothers to collaborate in expanding a patent on this process that made the â€Å"talkies† (sound motion pictures) feasible. Warner Bros. was a minor studio until The Jazz Singer (1927) and The Singing Fool (1928) that starred Al Jolson. According to the article, â€Å"How to Say Things with Songs: Al Jolson, Vitaphone Technology, and the Rhetoric of Warner Bros. in 1929, by Jennifer Fleeger. It states, â€Å"By placing Jolson inRead MoreThe Impact Of Sound On The World Of Sound Cinema965 Words   |  4 Pagescreated by a man named Lee de Forest and Theodore Case in 1923. The Phonofilm, which recorded synchronized sound directly onto film, was used to record a variety of entertainment including vaudeville acts, musical numbers, political speeches and opera singers. Unfortunately, this sound film didn’ t last long because it was overshadowed by the sound on disc, later named the Vitaphone. The Vitaphone was developed by Western Electrics Bell Laboratories and quickly acquired by Warner Bros Company in AprilRead MoreHow Sound Developed Changed America During The 1920s Beginning With Silent Films 951 Words   |  4 Pagescould not afford the fees of these large performers. Warner Brothers tested the use of synchronised sound with a series of successful short films in 1926. Following this they released The Jazz Singer (1927), which was a pivotal moment for synchronised sound and was the first â€Å"part-talkie† film. The Jazz Singer used Vitaphone s sound-on-disc for musical numbers performed by American vaudeville star Al Jolson, these closely resembled vaudeville acts the audience would have been familiar with. TheRead MoreThe Jazz Singer : A Jewish American Story Essay1853 Words   |  8 PagesAt its core, The Jazz Singer is ostensibly a Jewish-American story. The central conflict is Jakie Rabinowitz’s heritage, family, and upbringing coming to a head with his chosen career and where his heart lies: performance in an American pop cultural milieu. A reading of the film suggests that although hybridity can be found between the old and the new; the traditional and the modern; they are fundamentally in conflict with each other and cannot co-exist in their established forms: one must supersedeRead MoreThe Golden Age of Hollywood566 Words   |  2 PagesMetro Golden Meyer (MGM), and 20th Century Fox. These five super-studios were not only the highest-grossing, but also produced over 90 percent of America’s films. However, by 1927, the first synchronized-sound movie would be released, titled â€Å"The Jazz Singer.† This movie, produced by Warner Bros. and directed by Alan Crosland, would be dubbed â€Å"talking pictures† or simply a â€Å"talkie.† The movie was made with the Vitaphone system, which was a compact disc with audio that would synchronize with a movieRead MoreAnalysis Of Alan Crosland s The Jazz Singer Essay1831 Words   |  8 Pageslandscape of America, and the very definition of ‘American’ was broadened and made more inclusive, separation and conflict between racial groupings was widespread, and integration and homogenisation never fully materialised. Alan Crosl and’s The Jazz Singer (1927), notability as the first film to feature scenes with synchronised sound aside, is demonstrative of this relationship between racial conflict and cultural hybridity. The 1927 Al Jolson star vehicle’s depictions of the struggle between JewishRead MoreMost Influential Jazz Singer, Billie Holiday693 Words   |  3 Pagescultural movement specifically in creative arts such as music and literature. Jazz represented the flavor and zest of African American culture in the 1920s-1940s. Billie Holiday had a great impact on the Harlem Renaissance because she was one of the most influential jazz singers of all time. She performed with other great jazz musicians such as Louis Armstrong, Teddy Wilson, Jo Jones, and Henry Allen. Her career as a jazz singer was an incredible and thriving one, however, it was shortened because of

Facing Struggles in Haiti in Edwidge Danticats Novel of...

The short stories in the novel Krik? Krak! by Edwidge Danticat demonstrate the struggles that individuals face and how they react to them. The characters in the stories come from all different backgrounds and experiences but they all seem to share the same sense of suffering and pain. Danticat uses the women in the collections to display the struggles and unhappiness that the people of Haiti faced in the 1960’s. The women, all from different parts of Haiti and also New York, are faced with issues in the work place, in their social lives but most prominently, within their families. Each woman resolves or works to resolve her problems in a complete egotistical and unique way. In Krik? Krak! Danticat uses characterization to display the†¦show more content†¦The woman is bitter because of her husband’s unfaithfulness and turns the betrayal into anger. The lack of a male figure can lead to a woman’s struggle but could also motivate her to be an independent w oman as the girl in â€Å"Between the Pool and the Gardenias† strives to accomplish. In the article â€Å"Krik? Krak!†, Karima Jeffrey discusses how all nine stories in Krik? Krak! are tied together because of the women struggling in every story. She states â€Å"In doing so, the author exhibits the ways in which each individual story is an intricate aspect of Ville Roses larger community, of the islands history, and of the broader history of its expatriates† (Jeffrey). In Krik? Krak!, Danticat utilizes symbolism to link the short stories to one another. One common symbol is butterflies. As mentioned in â€Å"Children of the Sea†, â€Å"besides, manman says that butterflies can bring news. the bright ones bring happy news and the black ones warn us of deaths† (5). In â€Å"Children of the Sea†, light and dark butterflies are displayed throughout the story. At the end of the story, a black butterfly flies around the female narrator and lands on her which leads her to believe that the male she has been writing to is dead. Butterflies also represented the peaceful side of the Haitian life and proved that there could be hope for them in this time period. Butterflies are also mentioned in the short story â€Å"Night Women†. The woman describes her son as a butterfly because of her inability

Motivation And Cultural Diversity Samples †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Motivation And Cultural Diversity. Answer: Introduction Themanagement operations in the global scenario are much complex and challenging. It requires developing the clear understanding about the cultural traits and the innovative practices. The cast study suggests the major issues occurred due to the cultural differences and lack of skilledmanagement practices. The study would thus discuss the global scenario in terms of maintaining motivation and cultural diversity. The effective decision making process is essential for the global business world (Parke, Campbell and Bartol 2014). It determines the entire operational process that may result profit or loss for the organisation. The study would also focus on the development of the leading diverse group and the team strength to work in a different cultural scenario. In addition to this, the study would analyze the probable benefits generated by leveraging the social network. Maintaining Cultural Diversity and Motivation The case scenario reflects the emerging issues with the lack of skilled management system that enables the cultural diversity within the workplace. It is noticed that there was no such practices undertaken for managing the concerns regarding the ethnic and cultural differences at the initial stage. The use of Geert Hofstede Model indicates the measured scores depending on the cultural diversifications. Each group of Gregs team requires scoring higher in the power distance dimension. Initially, the subordinates from France, United Arab Emirates, and India assumed for an autocratic approach from the leader (Dyer and Dyer 2013). However, Greg presented a completely different approach in terms of corresponding, communicating, or categorizing the teams as per the different cultural characteristics. He categorized the group by focusing on understanding and individual merit based on the capabilities and experiences. On the other hand, it is also notable that Greg is much concerned about prioritizing himself more than concerning about others. Therefore, the scores in the individualism is quite higher. It is necessary to develop the cohesive and more efficient group, especially for the employees from UAE and India (Waheed et al. 2015). These employees requires following the larger social networks that would be led by the efficient employer. When the employees would receive the larger social group, it would be more influencing for them to be much committed and loyal towards the company. Moreover, the Indian team signifies more religious aspects that are needed to be taken into consideration. The Hinduism religious view determines that the responsibilities for each action have the clear effects on their rebirth in the future time. Therefore, they are quite concerned about their actions. It is recognized that the moderate score in masculinity in all countries has helped Gregs team to maintain the proper work-life balance (Geert-hofstede.com 2017). For instance, maintaining such work-life balance in France is much effective since the workforce requires working for only 35 hours per week. As mentioned in the case, the workforce receives 5weeks of holidays every year. On the contrary, Gregs team scored high in the uncertainty avoidance in France and UAE that is quite essential for maintaining long-term stability. Therefore, it is necessary for the team to consider every rule, norms, and regulations that lead towards maintaining a well-structured working approach (Dinh et al. 2014). Maintaining stability by working hard is a form of motivation whereas they are much concerned about any innovation brought to the work functions. In a contrasting scenario, it is notable that Indian team is quite against of monotony and they prefer to work by bending the rules. The closer attention to the major motivational techniques define that Gregs team lacks many of the important values that are stated further: In order to undertake the business functionalities in India, it is necessary to identify the creative opportunities to make the most use of the meaningful and interesting work. They lack the proper authority, guidance, power influence, and close supervision to perform the organisational activities (Landis, Hill and Harvey 2014). They are unable to utilize the different skills that are opportune for the business. They are not praised and recognized separately from other countries They do not take the active participation in the decision making process They lack the proper contribution and sense of achievement while performing the business actions in the society (Antonakis and House 2014). The workforce from France requires availing the opportunity to experience of work necessity. Especially, in case of maintaining the sense of achievement and fulfilling the project objectives, it is essential to understand the major consequences (Parris and Peachey 2013). The work activities distributed to the workforce in India and France are controlled from the head office in United States. The maintenance of the autonomy is much motivating for the people working in France and India. It is considered that Greg provides the continuous effort to pursuit the achievements. As a result, the teams are highly motivated and focused towards their works. It is notable that the success of the organisation depends on the coordination between the team and the achievement of the collective goals (Lisak and Erez 2015). Initially, the Indian team strives to be a part of a larger team due to which they are much fond of collaborating with other teams. They even provide more efforts to understand the concerns raised by the other colleagues. However, the emergence of the cultural concerns and the low rate of the motivational values can be the source of dissatisfaction. This dissatisfaction may affect the interconnection between the people from different cultures (Pieterse, Van Knippenberg and Van Dierendonck 2013). It is necessary for Greg to pay proper attention towards some of the significant issues. First, understanding the contribution and benefits of the teamwork would lead to the high level of motivation. Providing the high level of collectivism can be achieved if the joint meeting is arranged. It enhances the reliability among the teams. The team members need to be involved for making them feel much motivated. Sharing the solutions with others help them in managing the team effectiveness in a significant way. Undertaking the effective decision-making process The case study reflects some of the irrational judgments made while performing the organisational functionalities. For instance, there is the clear double-edged relationship found between Ahmed Nazr (UAE Team) and Raul Ashok (India Team). The biasness, overconfidence, and heuristic approaches of Nick were not appropriate. He did not update the customers and he showed the confirmation biasness. He continuously tried proving that he was not informed and his request was in the wrong place. Several biased situations were highlighted in this case scenario. There were the clear instances shown biasness in the representativeness and availability among the teams from France and USA. The US subordinates continuously compared the time allocations of France whereas the employees from France compared the wages with the US teams. The confirmation and information biasness from the Indian team was also highlighted. The Indian team even showed their dissatisfaction towards works due to the lack of c reativity and interests. Such heuristic biasness in Gregs team led towards situational failures. Considering such issues, it is necessary to follow the relevant theoretical approaches (Grivastava and Kleiner 2015). The following approaches would be beneficial in managing the efficient decision-making process within the team. The theory of goal-setting helps in making assumptions that highlight the individualistic characteristic of the different cultures. These characteristic should be based on the specific goals and challenges. The cultural association for managing these goals and challenges would be beneficial in making the workforce more committed towards works (Podsiadlowski et al. 2013). The most common types of the communication barriers are time and space. It is necessary to discuss the emerging concerns of the Indian team at the first place before changing the time of the conference calls. Development of the cross-boundary and the interpersonal relationship would be beneficial in establishing the mutual understanding of the global teamwork and goals (?e?en and Pruett 2014). In such cases, undertaking face-to-face interviews is much helpful to enhance the interaction and communication among the employees. A structured problem-solving action plan is needed to be structured. In addition to this, acknowledging the feelings of others is also necessary to be appreciated. Greg can undertake the Decoy method to resolve the issues with the USA and France group. This process is also much helpful in reducing the heuristic biasness. The development of the proper level of emotional intelligence as the cultural intelligence is necessary. It is much effective in creating and maintaining global virtue workspace. The cultural values and styles are needed to be taken into consideration. Respecting such values and morale would help in understanding the motivators of the specified teams. Leading the diverse groups much successfully The major focus and competitive strategy of Suns Microsystems is to formulate a global team by hiring people from different areas. It is notable that the company has the territorial or the customer bases as per the organisational work structure. On the other hand, it is notable that the lack of hierarchal control summit, the elements associated with the matrix organisation is also creating the negative impact on the functionalities. The case study ensures some of the specific disadvantages. For example, the employees usually face the multiple and conflicting tasks that do not focus on achieving the collective results (Meuser et al. 2016). Even working with the multiple numbers of managers create the stressful situations for the employees that may lead towards uncertain loyalties. Apart from these issues, it is also notable that the company has been facing the issues with the improper exchange of information and distribution of the responsibilities. The case study describes Greg more as a manager than as a leader due to which it is assumed that developing transactional leadership style would be more appropriate. The team members would be able to generate more motivations by following this transactional leadership style. It is noticed that Greg does not pay much attention towards the cultural specifications that prevents him from building effective team collaboration (Popper 2013). He has been maintaining the laissez-faire as the leadership style, which is considered as the poor procedure that disables the sense of direction and focus. Greg does not even maintain the cross-cultural differences to lead the team in an efficient way. The leadership theories are categorized into four major sections, such as behavioural theory, situational theory, transformational style, and charismatic approach. Self-management through the attribute theory is quite beneficial for enabling the effective team performance (Landis, Hill and Harvey 2014). The transformational leaders are always focused on removing the cultural barriers for maintaining the skilled team performance. The focus on the similar goals and objectives contributes to the profitability parameter of the company. In order to mitigate the team crisis, it is necessary to follow the below mentioned tasks: The task-oriented approach is much suitable for communicating in a better way and regularly. It provides the insightful ideas about the teamwork and deal with the situational crisis. Using the proper communicational tools to communicate regularly and collaborating workforces is essential for enhancing the work values. Enabling the relation-oriented approach increases the willingness to work together and mitigate the personal biases. Undertaking the effective decision-making process helps in availing the probable opportunities within the organisation. Establishment of the strengthened organisational cultural and team Sun Microsystems has been dealing with the mercenary structure by offering the open work program and low level of sociability. The organisational work cultures are fragmented due to the lack of coordination between the regional teams. Therefore, it can be concluded that Greg requires establishing a strengthened ground for the employees from different cultures. Maintaining the high diversity is much essential in such case. In order to build a strengthened ground by ensuring effective team building, Greg requires implementing the proper feedback process. The development of the open feedback helps in developing the open and honest relationships (Prabhakar and Yasee 2016). Moreover, Greg requires ensuring that his approaches are understandable. It is also necessary to allow the employees making independent decisions. When the employees receive the sense of satisfaction for being a part of the decision-making process, it would be much helpful in generating motivation. The development of t he personal and inspirational appeal through showing respectful behaviour is much appreciated (Meuser et al. 2016). When Greg would pay attention to the feelings of the employees, they can feel the worth of their existence. This approach is much significant in gathering interests and motivating the team properly. It generates the cohesiveness to work with more dedications and efforts (Du et al. 2013). Greg requires keep the focus on their performance parameters and the future improvements. The team members should receive the motivation to take active participations in the group discussion and planning process. The clear and transparent communication helps in developing focus about the vision, and mission of the company. It is essential for Greg to develop the open communication process with the employees by managing the skilled leadership styles. Reducing the human errors helps in mitigating the human errors and resolving the complex problems. On the other hand, empowering the employee ideas is also one of the most necessary issues that are needed to be addressed. Greg requires listening to the concerns and responding back accordingly to improve the loyalty and satisfaction. The maintenance of the persistence and consistency while performing the work would help in developing a structured work scenario. Leveraging the Social Network for bringing changes The most preferable types of social network used by Sun Microsystems are the ComCon Network. This particular social networking site enables the strengthened team building process and access to the efficient problem-solving skills. This social networking process is much helpful in gathering and analyzing the big data that includes the entire information related to the organisational functions. It is essential for Greg to acknowledge the need for change by demonstrating the group recognition. The people associated with the company require adequate supports and proper safety to deal with the uncertain changes (Popper 2013). The careful planning system is necessary to implement the changes in a sequential way. The final stage is freezing, which determines the control system of the changes as per the future requirements. Accordingly, some of the specific short-term goals are as follows: It is essential to build a collaboration system to gather the interests of the people from different cultural background. Resolving the current interpersonal issues is also necessary Technical issues related to the communication process are required to be resolved. It would enable the interaction protocols for managing the complex organisational functions. It is essential to compensate and communicate the major issues Apart from these short-term goals, it is even necessary to concentrate on the long-term objectives as well. These long-term objectives are as follows: The company requires moving to a more integrated matrix for the betterment purposes. It is essential to improve the communication structures in a cohesive way. Collaboration structure is necessary to be improved by working with the business partners. It is necessary to review the performancemanagement and accordingly arrange the more satisfying actions for the employees. The mentioned short-term and long-term goals would generate the motivations among the workforce and improve the effective team building aspects in a better way. References Antonakis, J. and House, R.J., 2014. Instrumental leadership: Measurement and extension of transformationaltransactional leadership theory.The Leadership Quarterly,25(4), pp.746-771. Dinh, J.E., Lord, R.G., Gardner, W.L., Meuser, J.D., Liden, R.C. and Hu, J., 2014. Leadership theory and research in the new millennium: Current theoretical trends and changing perspectives.The Leadership Quarterly,25(1), pp.36-62. Du, S., Swaen, V., Lindgreen, A. and Sen, S., 2013. The roles of leadership styles in corporate social responsibility.Journal of business ethics,114(1), pp.155-169. Dyer, W.G. and Dyer, J.H., 2013.Team building: Proven strategies for improving team performance. John Wiley Sons. Geert-hofstede.com, 2017.United States - Geert Hofstede. [online] Geert-hofstede.com. Available at: https://geert-hofstede.com/united-states.html [Accessed 20 Sep. 2017]. Grivastava, S. and Kleiner, B., 2015. Managing Cultural Diversity In The Workplace.Journal of International Diversity,2015(1). Landis, E.A., Hill, D. and Harvey, M.R., 2014. A synthesis of leadership theories and styles.Journal of Management Policy and Practice,15(2), p.97. Landis, E.A., Hill, D. and Harvey, M.R., 2014. A synthesis of leadership theories and styles.Journal of Management Policy and Practice,15(2), p.97. Lisak, A. and Erez, M., 2015. Leadership emergence in multicultural teams: The power of global characteristics.Journal of World Business,50(1), pp.3-14. Meuser, J.D., Gardner, W.L., Dinh, J.E., Hu, J., Liden, R.C. and Lord, R.G., 2016. A network analysis of leadership theory: The infancy of integration.Journal of Management,42(5), pp.1374-1403. Parke, M.R., Campbell, E.M. and Bartol, K.M., 2014, January. Setting the stage for virtual team development: Designing teams to foster knowledge sharing. InAcademy of Management Proceedings(Vol. 2014, No. 1, p. 17244). Academy of Management. Parris, D.L. and Peachey, J.W., 2013. A systematic literature review of servant leadership theory in organizational contexts.Journal of business ethics,113(3), pp.377-393. Pieterse, A.N., Van Knippenberg, D. and Van Dierendonck, D., 2013. Cultural diversity and team performance: The role of team member goal orientation.Academy of Management Journal,56(3), pp.782-804. Podsiadlowski, A., Grschke, D., Kogler, M., Springer, C. and Van Der Zee, K., 2013. Managing a culturally diverse workforce: Diversity perspectives in organizations.International Journal of Intercultural Relations,37(2), pp.159-175. Popper, M., 2013. Leaders perceived as distant and close. Some implications for psychological theory on leadership.The Leadership Quarterly,24(1), pp.1-8. Prabhakar, G.V. and Yaseen, A., 2016. Decision-making styles and leadership: evidences from the UAE.International Journal of Management Development,1(4), pp.287-306. ?e?en, H. and Pruett, M., 2014. The impact of education, economy and culture on entrepreneurial motives, barriers and intentions: a comparative study of the United States and Turkey.The Journal of Entrepreneurship,23(2), pp.231-261. Waheed, A.P.A., Moshirpour, M., Moshirpour, M., Rokne, J. and Alhajj, R., 2015. Effective Personnel Selection and Team Building Using Intelligent Data Analytics. InHighlighting the Importance of Big Data Management and Analysis for Various Applications(pp. 61-69). Springer, Cham.