The Jazz Singer - 1555 Words

â€Å"The Jazz Singer† Before watching â€Å"The Jazz Singer†, I had no idea of its cultural or historical significance. I learned that it was the first motion picture to have synchronized dialogue and words. It set the precedent for cinematography, live voice recordings, and real-time dialogue. The film was based on a short story written only a few years prior. The story was called â€Å"The Day of Atonement† and was authored by Samson Raphaelson. The short story was then adapted into an onstage musical in 1925 before finally becoming a full length feature film in 1927. The film follows a young man by the name of Jakie Rabinowitz. He lives with his mother and father in the Jewish ghetto of the lower east side of Manhattan. Jakie is an only child†¦show more content†¦I don’t think we can necessarily say that Jakie opposes these Jewish values in essence, but perhaps he does because the tradition of his family is one that he is not particularly fond of. His father, grandfather, and great grandfather have all been Cantor’s at their local Synagogues. It’s easy to see a rebel in young Jakie. He is committed to his dream and he is looking for any way out of his current circumstance. Jakie has probably been whipped by his father before but now that Jakie has direction in his life, he takes advantage of the situation by fleeing from home and pursuing his dreams. Part of the appeal of â€Å"The Jazz Singer† is that it is difficult to see a progressive maturation of Jack Robin. Rather, we see an ambitious, sometimes blind performer whose â€Å"career comes before everything†. But then Jack is faced with a crossroads. He is to choose rather or not to finally step into the lime-light he has so longed for. Truthfully, I did not know how Jakie would choose. He had been scorned by his father time and time again and he had dedicated his whole life to jazz singing. But ultimately I was not surprised at the choice Jack made. He did it for his m other. Though not traditional by any means, there is a love story taking place in â€Å"The Jazz Singer†, and no it is not between Jack Rubin and Mary Dale. But rather between Jack and Sara, his mother. Sara takes on the role of the quintessential Jewish mother heartbroken by theShow MoreRelatedThe Jazz Singer851 Words   |  4 PagesThe Jazz Singer, released in 1927, is a black and white film that centers on a young man who wishes to conquer his dreams in becoming a professional jazz singer. This film, directed by Alan Crosland, demonstrates new developments from the decade of the 1920’s. During the decade, many new advances; such as the introduction of musicals and other technological advancements, were created. The Jazz Singer utilized these new advances of the decade and incorporated them into each scene. This is evidentRead MoreAnalysis Of The Jazz Singer2060 Words   |  9 PagesBlack shirt, black pants, black hair, blackface. The most provocative scene in the 1927 film, The Jazz Singer, takes places in the dressing room of Jack Robin as he prepares to take the stage for a dress rehearsal of his Broadway show. Jack Robin, formerly Jakie Rabinowitz, is at the height of his struggle with his identity: a white Jew longing to be with his people during the holiest night in his religion but instead preparing to assume the mask a black performer to execute his role in the minstrelRead MoreThe, R B And Jazz Singers1442 Words   |  6 Pages â€Å"Rage to Survive, The Etta James Story† as told by Etta James, and written by David Ritz, is a biographical telling of the history of the soul singer who, through a series of crashes and comebacks, became one of the most famous blues, RB and jazz singers in history. Born in Los Angeles, California, Etta James, or as a young child known as Jamesetta Hawkins, was born January 25th, 1938 to Ms. Dorothy Hawkins who was just fourteen, and an absent father. This is a solidified fact, the placeRea d MoreWarner Brothers And The New Medium Of Radio1377 Words   |  6 Pagessound. Investing money into the Vitaphone, was Sam Warner’s idea; he influenced his brothers to collaborate in expanding a patent on this process that made the â€Å"talkies† (sound motion pictures) feasible. Warner Bros. was a minor studio until The Jazz Singer (1927) and The Singing Fool (1928) that starred Al Jolson. According to the article, â€Å"How to Say Things with Songs: Al Jolson, Vitaphone Technology, and the Rhetoric of Warner Bros. in 1929, by Jennifer Fleeger. It states, â€Å"By placing Jolson inRead MoreThe Impact Of Sound On The World Of Sound Cinema965 Words   |  4 Pagescreated by a man named Lee de Forest and Theodore Case in 1923. The Phonofilm, which recorded synchronized sound directly onto film, was used to record a variety of entertainment including vaudeville acts, musical numbers, political speeches and opera singers. Unfortunately, this sound film didn’ t last long because it was overshadowed by the sound on disc, later named the Vitaphone. The Vitaphone was developed by Western Electrics Bell Laboratories and quickly acquired by Warner Bros Company in AprilRead MoreHow Sound Developed Changed America During The 1920s Beginning With Silent Films 951 Words   |  4 Pagescould not afford the fees of these large performers. Warner Brothers tested the use of synchronised sound with a series of successful short films in 1926. Following this they released The Jazz Singer (1927), which was a pivotal moment for synchronised sound and was the first â€Å"part-talkie† film. The Jazz Singer used Vitaphone s sound-on-disc for musical numbers performed by American vaudeville star Al Jolson, these closely resembled vaudeville acts the audience would have been familiar with. TheRead MoreThe Jazz Singer : A Jewish American Story Essay1853 Words   |  8 PagesAt its core, The Jazz Singer is ostensibly a Jewish-American story. The central conflict is Jakie Rabinowitz’s heritage, family, and upbringing coming to a head with his chosen career and where his heart lies: performance in an American pop cultural milieu. A reading of the film suggests that although hybridity can be found between the old and the new; the traditional and the modern; they are fundamentally in conflict with each other and cannot co-exist in their established forms: one must supersedeRead MoreThe Golden Age of Hollywood566 Words   |  2 PagesMetro Golden Meyer (MGM), and 20th Century Fox. These five super-studios were not only the highest-grossing, but also produced over 90 percent of America’s films. However, by 1927, the first synchronized-sound movie would be released, titled â€Å"The Jazz Singer.† This movie, produced by Warner Bros. and directed by Alan Crosland, would be dubbed â€Å"talking pictures† or simply a â€Å"talkie.† The movie was made with the Vitaphone system, which was a compact disc with audio that would synchronize with a movieRead MoreAnalysis Of Alan Crosland s The Jazz Singer Essay1831 Words   |  8 Pageslandscape of America, and the very definition of ‘American’ was broadened and made more inclusive, separation and conflict between racial groupings was widespread, and integration and homogenisation never fully materialised. Alan Crosl and’s The Jazz Singer (1927), notability as the first film to feature scenes with synchronised sound aside, is demonstrative of this relationship between racial conflict and cultural hybridity. The 1927 Al Jolson star vehicle’s depictions of the struggle between JewishRead MoreMost Influential Jazz Singer, Billie Holiday693 Words   |  3 Pagescultural movement specifically in creative arts such as music and literature. Jazz represented the flavor and zest of African American culture in the 1920s-1940s. Billie Holiday had a great impact on the Harlem Renaissance because she was one of the most influential jazz singers of all time. She performed with other great jazz musicians such as Louis Armstrong, Teddy Wilson, Jo Jones, and Henry Allen. Her career as a jazz singer was an incredible and thriving one, however, it was shortened because of

Facing Struggles in Haiti in Edwidge Danticats Novel of...

The short stories in the novel Krik? Krak! by Edwidge Danticat demonstrate the struggles that individuals face and how they react to them. The characters in the stories come from all different backgrounds and experiences but they all seem to share the same sense of suffering and pain. Danticat uses the women in the collections to display the struggles and unhappiness that the people of Haiti faced in the 1960’s. The women, all from different parts of Haiti and also New York, are faced with issues in the work place, in their social lives but most prominently, within their families. Each woman resolves or works to resolve her problems in a complete egotistical and unique way. In Krik? Krak! Danticat uses characterization to display the†¦show more content†¦The woman is bitter because of her husband’s unfaithfulness and turns the betrayal into anger. The lack of a male figure can lead to a woman’s struggle but could also motivate her to be an independent w oman as the girl in â€Å"Between the Pool and the Gardenias† strives to accomplish. In the article â€Å"Krik? Krak!†, Karima Jeffrey discusses how all nine stories in Krik? Krak! are tied together because of the women struggling in every story. She states â€Å"In doing so, the author exhibits the ways in which each individual story is an intricate aspect of Ville Roses larger community, of the islands history, and of the broader history of its expatriates† (Jeffrey). In Krik? Krak!, Danticat utilizes symbolism to link the short stories to one another. One common symbol is butterflies. As mentioned in â€Å"Children of the Sea†, â€Å"besides, manman says that butterflies can bring news. the bright ones bring happy news and the black ones warn us of deaths† (5). In â€Å"Children of the Sea†, light and dark butterflies are displayed throughout the story. At the end of the story, a black butterfly flies around the female narrator and lands on her which leads her to believe that the male she has been writing to is dead. Butterflies also represented the peaceful side of the Haitian life and proved that there could be hope for them in this time period. Butterflies are also mentioned in the short story â€Å"Night Women†. The woman describes her son as a butterfly because of her inability

Motivation And Cultural Diversity Samples †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Motivation And Cultural Diversity. Answer: Introduction Themanagement operations in the global scenario are much complex and challenging. It requires developing the clear understanding about the cultural traits and the innovative practices. The cast study suggests the major issues occurred due to the cultural differences and lack of skilledmanagement practices. The study would thus discuss the global scenario in terms of maintaining motivation and cultural diversity. The effective decision making process is essential for the global business world (Parke, Campbell and Bartol 2014). It determines the entire operational process that may result profit or loss for the organisation. The study would also focus on the development of the leading diverse group and the team strength to work in a different cultural scenario. In addition to this, the study would analyze the probable benefits generated by leveraging the social network. Maintaining Cultural Diversity and Motivation The case scenario reflects the emerging issues with the lack of skilled management system that enables the cultural diversity within the workplace. It is noticed that there was no such practices undertaken for managing the concerns regarding the ethnic and cultural differences at the initial stage. The use of Geert Hofstede Model indicates the measured scores depending on the cultural diversifications. Each group of Gregs team requires scoring higher in the power distance dimension. Initially, the subordinates from France, United Arab Emirates, and India assumed for an autocratic approach from the leader (Dyer and Dyer 2013). However, Greg presented a completely different approach in terms of corresponding, communicating, or categorizing the teams as per the different cultural characteristics. He categorized the group by focusing on understanding and individual merit based on the capabilities and experiences. On the other hand, it is also notable that Greg is much concerned about prioritizing himself more than concerning about others. Therefore, the scores in the individualism is quite higher. It is necessary to develop the cohesive and more efficient group, especially for the employees from UAE and India (Waheed et al. 2015). These employees requires following the larger social networks that would be led by the efficient employer. When the employees would receive the larger social group, it would be more influencing for them to be much committed and loyal towards the company. Moreover, the Indian team signifies more religious aspects that are needed to be taken into consideration. The Hinduism religious view determines that the responsibilities for each action have the clear effects on their rebirth in the future time. Therefore, they are quite concerned about their actions. It is recognized that the moderate score in masculinity in all countries has helped Gregs team to maintain the proper work-life balance (Geert-hofstede.com 2017). For instance, maintaining such work-life balance in France is much effective since the workforce requires working for only 35 hours per week. As mentioned in the case, the workforce receives 5weeks of holidays every year. On the contrary, Gregs team scored high in the uncertainty avoidance in France and UAE that is quite essential for maintaining long-term stability. Therefore, it is necessary for the team to consider every rule, norms, and regulations that lead towards maintaining a well-structured working approach (Dinh et al. 2014). Maintaining stability by working hard is a form of motivation whereas they are much concerned about any innovation brought to the work functions. In a contrasting scenario, it is notable that Indian team is quite against of monotony and they prefer to work by bending the rules. The closer attention to the major motivational techniques define that Gregs team lacks many of the important values that are stated further: In order to undertake the business functionalities in India, it is necessary to identify the creative opportunities to make the most use of the meaningful and interesting work. They lack the proper authority, guidance, power influence, and close supervision to perform the organisational activities (Landis, Hill and Harvey 2014). They are unable to utilize the different skills that are opportune for the business. They are not praised and recognized separately from other countries They do not take the active participation in the decision making process They lack the proper contribution and sense of achievement while performing the business actions in the society (Antonakis and House 2014). The workforce from France requires availing the opportunity to experience of work necessity. Especially, in case of maintaining the sense of achievement and fulfilling the project objectives, it is essential to understand the major consequences (Parris and Peachey 2013). The work activities distributed to the workforce in India and France are controlled from the head office in United States. The maintenance of the autonomy is much motivating for the people working in France and India. It is considered that Greg provides the continuous effort to pursuit the achievements. As a result, the teams are highly motivated and focused towards their works. It is notable that the success of the organisation depends on the coordination between the team and the achievement of the collective goals (Lisak and Erez 2015). Initially, the Indian team strives to be a part of a larger team due to which they are much fond of collaborating with other teams. They even provide more efforts to understand the concerns raised by the other colleagues. However, the emergence of the cultural concerns and the low rate of the motivational values can be the source of dissatisfaction. This dissatisfaction may affect the interconnection between the people from different cultures (Pieterse, Van Knippenberg and Van Dierendonck 2013). It is necessary for Greg to pay proper attention towards some of the significant issues. First, understanding the contribution and benefits of the teamwork would lead to the high level of motivation. Providing the high level of collectivism can be achieved if the joint meeting is arranged. It enhances the reliability among the teams. The team members need to be involved for making them feel much motivated. Sharing the solutions with others help them in managing the team effectiveness in a significant way. Undertaking the effective decision-making process The case study reflects some of the irrational judgments made while performing the organisational functionalities. For instance, there is the clear double-edged relationship found between Ahmed Nazr (UAE Team) and Raul Ashok (India Team). The biasness, overconfidence, and heuristic approaches of Nick were not appropriate. He did not update the customers and he showed the confirmation biasness. He continuously tried proving that he was not informed and his request was in the wrong place. Several biased situations were highlighted in this case scenario. There were the clear instances shown biasness in the representativeness and availability among the teams from France and USA. The US subordinates continuously compared the time allocations of France whereas the employees from France compared the wages with the US teams. The confirmation and information biasness from the Indian team was also highlighted. The Indian team even showed their dissatisfaction towards works due to the lack of c reativity and interests. Such heuristic biasness in Gregs team led towards situational failures. Considering such issues, it is necessary to follow the relevant theoretical approaches (Grivastava and Kleiner 2015). The following approaches would be beneficial in managing the efficient decision-making process within the team. The theory of goal-setting helps in making assumptions that highlight the individualistic characteristic of the different cultures. These characteristic should be based on the specific goals and challenges. The cultural association for managing these goals and challenges would be beneficial in making the workforce more committed towards works (Podsiadlowski et al. 2013). The most common types of the communication barriers are time and space. It is necessary to discuss the emerging concerns of the Indian team at the first place before changing the time of the conference calls. Development of the cross-boundary and the interpersonal relationship would be beneficial in establishing the mutual understanding of the global teamwork and goals (?e?en and Pruett 2014). In such cases, undertaking face-to-face interviews is much helpful to enhance the interaction and communication among the employees. A structured problem-solving action plan is needed to be structured. In addition to this, acknowledging the feelings of others is also necessary to be appreciated. Greg can undertake the Decoy method to resolve the issues with the USA and France group. This process is also much helpful in reducing the heuristic biasness. The development of the proper level of emotional intelligence as the cultural intelligence is necessary. It is much effective in creating and maintaining global virtue workspace. The cultural values and styles are needed to be taken into consideration. Respecting such values and morale would help in understanding the motivators of the specified teams. Leading the diverse groups much successfully The major focus and competitive strategy of Suns Microsystems is to formulate a global team by hiring people from different areas. It is notable that the company has the territorial or the customer bases as per the organisational work structure. On the other hand, it is notable that the lack of hierarchal control summit, the elements associated with the matrix organisation is also creating the negative impact on the functionalities. The case study ensures some of the specific disadvantages. For example, the employees usually face the multiple and conflicting tasks that do not focus on achieving the collective results (Meuser et al. 2016). Even working with the multiple numbers of managers create the stressful situations for the employees that may lead towards uncertain loyalties. Apart from these issues, it is also notable that the company has been facing the issues with the improper exchange of information and distribution of the responsibilities. The case study describes Greg more as a manager than as a leader due to which it is assumed that developing transactional leadership style would be more appropriate. The team members would be able to generate more motivations by following this transactional leadership style. It is noticed that Greg does not pay much attention towards the cultural specifications that prevents him from building effective team collaboration (Popper 2013). He has been maintaining the laissez-faire as the leadership style, which is considered as the poor procedure that disables the sense of direction and focus. Greg does not even maintain the cross-cultural differences to lead the team in an efficient way. The leadership theories are categorized into four major sections, such as behavioural theory, situational theory, transformational style, and charismatic approach. Self-management through the attribute theory is quite beneficial for enabling the effective team performance (Landis, Hill and Harvey 2014). The transformational leaders are always focused on removing the cultural barriers for maintaining the skilled team performance. The focus on the similar goals and objectives contributes to the profitability parameter of the company. In order to mitigate the team crisis, it is necessary to follow the below mentioned tasks: The task-oriented approach is much suitable for communicating in a better way and regularly. It provides the insightful ideas about the teamwork and deal with the situational crisis. Using the proper communicational tools to communicate regularly and collaborating workforces is essential for enhancing the work values. Enabling the relation-oriented approach increases the willingness to work together and mitigate the personal biases. Undertaking the effective decision-making process helps in availing the probable opportunities within the organisation. Establishment of the strengthened organisational cultural and team Sun Microsystems has been dealing with the mercenary structure by offering the open work program and low level of sociability. The organisational work cultures are fragmented due to the lack of coordination between the regional teams. Therefore, it can be concluded that Greg requires establishing a strengthened ground for the employees from different cultures. Maintaining the high diversity is much essential in such case. In order to build a strengthened ground by ensuring effective team building, Greg requires implementing the proper feedback process. The development of the open feedback helps in developing the open and honest relationships (Prabhakar and Yasee 2016). Moreover, Greg requires ensuring that his approaches are understandable. It is also necessary to allow the employees making independent decisions. When the employees receive the sense of satisfaction for being a part of the decision-making process, it would be much helpful in generating motivation. The development of t he personal and inspirational appeal through showing respectful behaviour is much appreciated (Meuser et al. 2016). When Greg would pay attention to the feelings of the employees, they can feel the worth of their existence. This approach is much significant in gathering interests and motivating the team properly. It generates the cohesiveness to work with more dedications and efforts (Du et al. 2013). Greg requires keep the focus on their performance parameters and the future improvements. The team members should receive the motivation to take active participations in the group discussion and planning process. The clear and transparent communication helps in developing focus about the vision, and mission of the company. It is essential for Greg to develop the open communication process with the employees by managing the skilled leadership styles. Reducing the human errors helps in mitigating the human errors and resolving the complex problems. On the other hand, empowering the employee ideas is also one of the most necessary issues that are needed to be addressed. Greg requires listening to the concerns and responding back accordingly to improve the loyalty and satisfaction. The maintenance of the persistence and consistency while performing the work would help in developing a structured work scenario. Leveraging the Social Network for bringing changes The most preferable types of social network used by Sun Microsystems are the ComCon Network. This particular social networking site enables the strengthened team building process and access to the efficient problem-solving skills. This social networking process is much helpful in gathering and analyzing the big data that includes the entire information related to the organisational functions. It is essential for Greg to acknowledge the need for change by demonstrating the group recognition. The people associated with the company require adequate supports and proper safety to deal with the uncertain changes (Popper 2013). The careful planning system is necessary to implement the changes in a sequential way. The final stage is freezing, which determines the control system of the changes as per the future requirements. Accordingly, some of the specific short-term goals are as follows: It is essential to build a collaboration system to gather the interests of the people from different cultural background. Resolving the current interpersonal issues is also necessary Technical issues related to the communication process are required to be resolved. It would enable the interaction protocols for managing the complex organisational functions. It is essential to compensate and communicate the major issues Apart from these short-term goals, it is even necessary to concentrate on the long-term objectives as well. These long-term objectives are as follows: The company requires moving to a more integrated matrix for the betterment purposes. It is essential to improve the communication structures in a cohesive way. Collaboration structure is necessary to be improved by working with the business partners. It is necessary to review the performancemanagement and accordingly arrange the more satisfying actions for the employees. The mentioned short-term and long-term goals would generate the motivations among the workforce and improve the effective team building aspects in a better way. References Antonakis, J. and House, R.J., 2014. Instrumental leadership: Measurement and extension of transformationaltransactional leadership theory.The Leadership Quarterly,25(4), pp.746-771. Dinh, J.E., Lord, R.G., Gardner, W.L., Meuser, J.D., Liden, R.C. and Hu, J., 2014. Leadership theory and research in the new millennium: Current theoretical trends and changing perspectives.The Leadership Quarterly,25(1), pp.36-62. Du, S., Swaen, V., Lindgreen, A. and Sen, S., 2013. The roles of leadership styles in corporate social responsibility.Journal of business ethics,114(1), pp.155-169. Dyer, W.G. and Dyer, J.H., 2013.Team building: Proven strategies for improving team performance. John Wiley Sons. Geert-hofstede.com, 2017.United States - Geert Hofstede. [online] Geert-hofstede.com. Available at: https://geert-hofstede.com/united-states.html [Accessed 20 Sep. 2017]. Grivastava, S. and Kleiner, B., 2015. Managing Cultural Diversity In The Workplace.Journal of International Diversity,2015(1). Landis, E.A., Hill, D. and Harvey, M.R., 2014. A synthesis of leadership theories and styles.Journal of Management Policy and Practice,15(2), p.97. Landis, E.A., Hill, D. and Harvey, M.R., 2014. A synthesis of leadership theories and styles.Journal of Management Policy and Practice,15(2), p.97. Lisak, A. and Erez, M., 2015. Leadership emergence in multicultural teams: The power of global characteristics.Journal of World Business,50(1), pp.3-14. Meuser, J.D., Gardner, W.L., Dinh, J.E., Hu, J., Liden, R.C. and Lord, R.G., 2016. A network analysis of leadership theory: The infancy of integration.Journal of Management,42(5), pp.1374-1403. Parke, M.R., Campbell, E.M. and Bartol, K.M., 2014, January. Setting the stage for virtual team development: Designing teams to foster knowledge sharing. InAcademy of Management Proceedings(Vol. 2014, No. 1, p. 17244). Academy of Management. Parris, D.L. and Peachey, J.W., 2013. A systematic literature review of servant leadership theory in organizational contexts.Journal of business ethics,113(3), pp.377-393. Pieterse, A.N., Van Knippenberg, D. and Van Dierendonck, D., 2013. Cultural diversity and team performance: The role of team member goal orientation.Academy of Management Journal,56(3), pp.782-804. Podsiadlowski, A., Grschke, D., Kogler, M., Springer, C. and Van Der Zee, K., 2013. Managing a culturally diverse workforce: Diversity perspectives in organizations.International Journal of Intercultural Relations,37(2), pp.159-175. Popper, M., 2013. Leaders perceived as distant and close. Some implications for psychological theory on leadership.The Leadership Quarterly,24(1), pp.1-8. Prabhakar, G.V. and Yaseen, A., 2016. Decision-making styles and leadership: evidences from the UAE.International Journal of Management Development,1(4), pp.287-306. ?e?en, H. and Pruett, M., 2014. The impact of education, economy and culture on entrepreneurial motives, barriers and intentions: a comparative study of the United States and Turkey.The Journal of Entrepreneurship,23(2), pp.231-261. Waheed, A.P.A., Moshirpour, M., Moshirpour, M., Rokne, J. and Alhajj, R., 2015. Effective Personnel Selection and Team Building Using Intelligent Data Analytics. InHighlighting the Importance of Big Data Management and Analysis for Various Applications(pp. 61-69). Springer, Cham.

Performance Report Plan Management

Questions: 1. What is the most efficient way to make use of the Performance Report Plan when delivering a project? 2.What are the key factors which need to be considered when planning how information will be distributed during a project? 3. What are the key criteria and why, you need to consider when closing a project? 4. Justify the need for evaluating projects? Answers: What is the most efficient way to make use of the Performance Report Plan when delivering a project? (Project Performance) Project performance report plan helps the team members and stakeholders informed about the statusand any changes in the project at regular interval of times. The performance report plan can be efficiently used by including many characteristics like:Analysing the project performance date wise. Informing about risk and issue status. How much work in completed in the allotted time and how much will be done in the next reporting time Any significant accomplishment made so far Forecasting any threats or strengths Any changes made in the project The performance report plan should be distributed to all the participants of the meetings before the start of meeting so that they can get the time to review the content of the report. The report should summarise and properly communicate the project details and timely inform the stakeholders about the project progress. Thus the most efficient way to make use of the project performance report plan is that it should be structured as per the stakeholders requirement and should provide up to date information about the project progress (Mark, 2015) What are the key factors which need to be considered when planning how information will be distributed during a project? (Information Distribution) The key factors to be considered are that there should be free flow of information among the team members and both external and internal stakeholders. There should be appropriate, generation, collection, dissemination, storage and disposition of project information and knowledge. In project management one should never underestimate the communication plan. If there is good communication the project will success and if it is done poorly then the most efficient efforts will be poorly valued. For proper flow of information the key factors to be considered are: Communication needs of each stakeholder should be analysed Identifying and collecting the information which will be required to fulfil the information need of the stakeholders Identifying the methods and efforts required in flow of communication Finally prioritising the various options in communication plan. Thus a project should have a good communication plan which will keep the stakeholders informed. Smart planning and consistent information flow in the communication plan will keep the project on track and will avoid confusions (Adaption fund, 2011). What are the key criteria and why, you need to consider when closing a project? (Project Closure) When the project comes at last phase of its life cycle is called project closure. In this phase all the deliverables are hand-overed to the customer, all the business related documents are returned, contracts with suppliers are cancelled, staff and equipments involved in the project management are released and finally the stakeholders are informed about the project closure. The key criteria are (Mary, 2011): Post-implementation review: When project is about to complete than a Post-implementation report is formed which elaborates the extent to which the project objectives have been achieved. A gap analysis is done which monitors how closely the planned requirements, schedules and budget have been linked to the expected requirements. Lessons Learned: In this phase a set of activities related to information gathering, documentation and feedback from the project participants are organised and describes the events which has happened throughout the project. Staff transfer and release: On time release of staff and equipments used in the project should be done so that the staff and equipment can be utilised in other projects. Finance Closure: closing the project related finance which involves completing the financial transactions, accounts completion, assets transfer etc. Project archive: systematic storage of project documents and artefacts which are important for later administrative work. Celebrating the successful completion of the project with all those members who were involved in the project completion Project evaluation is an important face of project management as it involves collection, organisation and recording of the information related to the project. Project evaluation is basically done at the end of project management stages or when it is about to close. In Project evaluation phase basically it is checked whether the objectives have been achieved and benefits have been realised. It also checks whether the return on investments have been made. By evaluating the projects we can determine to what extent the progress in project has been made, whether the desired outcomes has been achieved, does the final result of project justifies the project inputs etc. By undertaking the project evaluation procedures, we ensures that the required changes are made in the project, benefits anticipated from such changes have been anticipated or not and finally to assess whether the project overall success have been achieved or not (Hafeezm, 2011) Importance of evaluating Projects are: It helps in identifying the areas of improvement and periodically assessing whether the project has meet the objectives set by the client. It also helps in demonstrating the projects success and failure. References Adaption fund. 2011. Project performance reporting, process, structure and content. [Online]. Available at https://www.adaptation-fund.org/system/files/ilovepdf.com-1.pdf Hafeezm. 2011. Project management-Evaluation. [Online]. Available at https://hafeezrm.hubpages.com/hub/Project-Management---Evaluation Mark Piscoppo. 2015. Performance report template. [Online] Available at https://www.projectmanagementdocs.com/project-documents/performance-report.html Mary Lewinson. 2011. Project closure template-key steps to closing a project. [Online]. Available at https://www.mymanagementguide.com/project-closure-template-key-steps-to-closing-a-project/ Project Information distribution. [Online]. Available at https://www.kautilyasociety.com/tvph/output_oriented/project_information_distribution.htm